Kirtans

Kirtan is a form of devotional singing characterized by call-and-response chanting of sacred names or mantras. The word comes from the Sanskrit kirtana, meaning praise, declamation, or narration. In Hinduism, kirtan is a common practice within bhakti, focusing on repeating the names of deities such as Krishna, Rama, or Shiva, often with musical accompaniment and audience participation.

In Hindu traditions, kirtan emerged from the Bhakti movement and became a prominent devotional method in Vaishnavism and other sects. It is performed in temples, homes, and public spaces, typically with a lead singer and a chorus. Common instruments include the harmonium, mridanga, tabla, and kartals, which support a rhythmic call-and-response structure.

In Sikhism, the term kirtan refers to the musical rendition of Gurbani from the Guru Granth Sahib. Shabad kirtan is usually performed in gurdwaras and follows a raga-based musical framework, often with harmonium and percussion. Congregational singing is central to daily worship and community life.

Jainism also uses kirtans, though with distinct repertoire focused on Tirthankaras and Jain teachings. These devotional chants are performed in temples and during festivals, aiming to inspire reverence and ethical reflection.

In contemporary practice, kirtan has gained global reach and is often linked with yoga, mindfulness, and wellness communities. Modern kirtan events emphasize participation and community, with performers known as kirtan wallahs leading audiences in collective singing.