Keresztszalagszakadások

Keresztszalagszakadások, commonly known as ACL tears, are injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, one of the major ligaments in the knee. This ligament plays a crucial role in stabilizing the knee joint by preventing the tibia from sliding too far forward relative to the femur. Tears can range from a partial stretch or fraying to a complete rupture of the ligament.

These injuries frequently occur during sports and physical activities that involve sudden stops, changes in direction, or direct impacts to the knee. Common mechanisms include pivoting with a planted foot, landing awkwardly from a jump, or a direct blow to the side of the knee. Athletes in sports like soccer, basketball, skiing, and football are at a higher risk.

Symptoms of an ACL tear often include a popping sensation at the time of injury, followed by immediate pain and swelling. The knee may feel unstable, as if it is "giving way." Difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg is also common. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a medical professional, often supplemented with imaging tests such as an MRI to confirm the tear and assess its severity.

Treatment options vary depending on the extent of the tear, the individual's activity level, and their overall health. Non-surgical management may be suitable for partial tears or individuals with lower activity demands, involving rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physical therapy to regain strength and stability, and possibly bracing. Complete tears, especially in active individuals, often require surgical reconstruction of the ACL using a graft taken from elsewhere in the body or from a donor. Rehabilitation following surgery is extensive and critical for restoring function and preventing future injuries.