Katheterthrombosen

Katheterthrombosen, also known as central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CVCRT), is a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms within a central venous catheter. This type of catheter is inserted into a large vein, usually in the neck, chest, or groin, to deliver fluids, medications, or to monitor blood pressure.

The most common sites for thrombus formation are the tip of the catheter, where it enters the vein, and the catheter's lumens. Risk factors for katheterthrombosen include prolonged catheterization, especially in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, cancer, or those receiving chemotherapy. Other factors that increase the risk are age, immobility, and the use of anticoagulants.

Symptoms of katheterthrombosen can include swelling, redness, warmth, and pain at the catheter insertion site. In severe cases, the clot can dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism, a medical emergency. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or venography.

Prevention strategies include regular flushing of the catheter with saline or heparin to keep it patent, removing the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed, and using low-profile catheters that reduce the risk of thrombus formation. In patients at high risk, prophylactic anticoagulation may be recommended.

Treatment of established katheterthrombosen involves removing the catheter and administering anticoagulants to prevent further clot formation and dissolution of the existing clot. In cases of pulmonary embolism, urgent thrombolytic therapy may be necessary. Long-term management focuses on preventing recurrence through lifestyle modifications and medical interventions as appropriate.