Kasvunviivätykset

Kasvunviivätykset, also known as stunted growth or growth deceleration, refers to a condition where a child's growth rate falls below expected norms for their age and sex. This can manifest as a slower increase in height, weight, or both. The diagnosis is typically made when a child's growth measurements fall below the third percentile on standard growth charts or when there is a significant downward crossing of growth percentiles over time.

Several factors can contribute to growth delays. Nutritional deficiencies, such as insufficient intake of calories, protein, or essential micronutrients, are common causes. Chronic illnesses, including gastrointestinal disorders affecting nutrient absorption, kidney disease, or chronic infections, can also impair growth. Hormonal imbalances, particularly deficiencies in growth hormone or thyroid hormone, are another significant category of causes. Genetic factors and constitutional delay of growth and puberty, where a child simply matures later than their peers but eventually reaches a normal adult height, must also be considered. Less commonly, psychosocial deprivation can impact growth through stress and inadequate nurturing.

The diagnostic process involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and often a series of investigations. These may include blood tests to assess nutritional status, hormone levels, and organ function, as well as imaging studies like bone age X-rays. Treatment strategies are tailored to the underlying cause. Nutritional support, management of chronic diseases, hormonal replacement therapy, or simply reassurance and monitoring in cases of constitutional delay are all potential interventions. Early identification and appropriate management are crucial to optimize a child's growth potential and overall health.