Kasvainmärkkäimet

Kasvainmärkkäimet, known in English as tumor markers, are substances produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer. They can be found in the blood, urine, or other body fluids of patients with certain types of cancer. These markers are often proteins, but can also be other molecules.

The primary use of kasvainmärkkäimet is in the monitoring of cancer treatment and in detecting recurrence after treatment. In some cases, they can also be used for early detection or diagnosis of cancer, although this is less common and often relies on a combination of tests. It is important to note that elevated levels of a kasvainmärkkäin do not always indicate cancer, as some benign conditions can also cause their levels to rise. Conversely, some cancers may not produce detectable levels of any known kasvainmärkkäin.

Common examples of kasvainmärkkäimet include PSA (prostate-specific antigen) for prostate cancer, CA-125 for ovarian cancer, and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) for various gastrointestinal cancers. The interpretation of kasvainmärkkäin levels requires careful consideration by a medical professional, taking into account the patient's overall health, medical history, and other diagnostic findings. They are a valuable tool in the management of cancer, but are typically used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods rather than as standalone diagnostic tests.