Kapselcontracturen

Kapselcontracturen refers to a medical condition involving the tightening or shortening of a joint capsule. The joint capsule is a sac-like structure that surrounds a joint, made up of connective tissue. It helps to stabilize the joint and lubricate it with synovial fluid. When the capsule becomes contracted, it can significantly restrict the range of motion of the affected joint.

This condition can develop due to a variety of factors. Prolonged immobilization of a joint, such as after an injury or surgery, is a common cause. When a joint is not moved for an extended period, the tissues within the capsule can stiffen and shorten. Inflammation, such as in cases of arthritis, can also lead to capsular contracture as the inflamed tissues heal and scar. Trauma or repetitive stress on a joint can also contribute.

The most common joints affected by capsular contracture are the shoulder (adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder), hip, and knee. Symptoms typically include pain, stiffness, and a significant loss of normal joint movement. The degree of restriction can vary from mild to severe, impacting daily activities.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination to assess range of motion and imaging techniques like X-rays or MRI to rule out other joint problems. Treatment aims to restore joint mobility and reduce pain. This often includes physical therapy, stretching exercises, and pain management medication. In some cases, more invasive treatments like manipulation under anesthesia or surgical release of the contracted capsule may be considered if conservative methods are ineffective. Early intervention is often key to achieving the best outcomes.