Kalkulatsioon
Kalkulatsioon is the systematic process of estimating the costs associated with producing a product, delivering a service, or completing a project, in order to determine an appropriate price, budget, or profitability target. The term is common in Estonian accounting and management contexts and is cognate with German Kalkulation and Dutch kalkulatie, reflecting a long tradition of quantitative cost analysis.
A kalkulatsioon typically distinguishes direct costs (materials, labor) from indirect costs or overhead (factory overhead, administrative
Several methods exist for calculating costs. Traditional costing assigns overhead proportionally to units or direct costs;
The kalkulatsioon process usually proceeds in stages: define the scope of the product or project; identify
Limitations include data quality, estimation uncertainty, and evolving input prices. Good kalkulatsioon relies on transparent assumptions,