Kaitseväe

Kaitseväe, or the Estonian Defence Forces, is the national defence force of Estonia. It is the unified armed forces responsible for the country’s defense, deterrence, and crisis management. The Defence Forces operate under civilian control, with strategic direction provided by the Ministry of Defence and military command executed by the Commander of the Estonian Defence Forces.

The organisation comprises three main branches: the Estonian Land Forces (army), the Estonian Navy, and the Estonian Air Force. In addition, reserve units and the Estonian Defence League (Kaitseliit), a voluntary citizen-military organization closely aligned with the Defence Forces, contribute to mobilization, homeland security, and civil preparedness.

Estonian defence emphasizes professional troops alongside conscripts. The Estonian system includes compulsory military service for male citizens and a robust reserve framework to ensure rapid expansion if needed. Training and readiness are supported by regional centres and international cooperation, with an emphasis on interoperability with allied forces.

Internationally, Kaitseväe participates in NATO operations and Baltic security initiatives. Estonia has been a member of NATO since 2004 and cooperates with partner nations on exercises, training, and modernization of equipment and capabilities. The Defence Forces also focus on modern areas such as cyber defence and intelligence-sharing to strengthen national resilience.

Historically, Kaitseväe was rebuilt after Estonia regained independence in the early 1990s, aligning with Western defence standards and integrating into international security structures. It continues to evolve through modernization programs, international collaboration, and a commitment to defending Estonia’s sovereignty and democratic institutions.