Kachexia
Kachexia, more commonly spelled cachexia in English, is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by involuntary weight loss, muscle wasting, and loss of appetite that occurs in the setting of chronic disease. It is not simply malnutrition from inadequate intake; it reflects altered metabolism and inflammation that drive tissue wasting even when calories are available.
Cachexia is most often associated with cancer, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
Pathophysiology involves a persistent inflammatory state with cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and other mediators that
Diagnosis relies on a pattern of weight loss and muscle wasting, typically with criteria such as involuntary
Management is multidisciplinary. It focuses on treating the underlying illness, providing nutritional support, and encouraging physical