Jännityskonsentraatio
Jännityskonsentraatio refers to the phenomenon where stress or strain in a material concentrates at certain points, typically due to geometric discontinuities. These discontinuities can include holes, notches, cracks, or changes in cross-section. When a load is applied to a material, the stress distribution is not uniform. At sharp corners or openings, the stress lines, or flow of force, become crowded, leading to a significantly higher stress level in that localized area compared to the average stress in the material.
This concentration of stress can have critical implications for the structural integrity and performance of components.
Engineers use analytical methods, numerical simulations like the finite element method (FEM), and experimental techniques to