Jigui

Jigui, also known as "Jīguī" (骥骨), refers to a traditional Chinese herbal medicine derived from the bones of the *Equus ferus przewalskii*, commonly known as the Przewalski's horse. This species is native to the steppes of Central Asia and is considered a wild ancestor of the domestic horse. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Jigui is believed to possess various therapeutic properties and is often used to address specific health concerns.

The preparation of Jigui typically involves cleaning, roasting, and grinding the bones into a fine powder. It is then used in decoctions, pills, or other medicinal formulations. According to TCM theory, Jigui is thought to nourish the kidneys, strengthen the bones, and enhance vitality. It is sometimes prescribed for conditions such as chronic fatigue, weakness, osteoporosis, and reproductive health issues, particularly in women. Some practitioners also use it to support joint health and improve circulation.

Historically, Jigui has been associated with the concept of "kidney essence" in TCM, which is believed to be the foundation of growth, development, and reproductive health. The use of horse bones in medicine dates back centuries, with records appearing in early TCM texts like the *Shennong Bencaojing* (神农本草经), though the specific use of Przewalski's horse bones became more prominent in later dynasties.

Modern scientific research on Jigui is limited, and its efficacy remains largely based on traditional claims. Some studies have explored the potential benefits of horse bone extracts, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but more rigorous clinical trials are needed to validate its therapeutic effects. As with many traditional medicines, Jigui should be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare practitioner, especially when combined with other treatments. Ethical considerations also arise due to the conservation status of Przewalski's horse, as its bones are sometimes sourced from wild populations or captive breeding programs.