Jali

Jali, also spelled jaali, is a perforated ornamental screen or lattice used in Indian and Indo-Islamic architecture. The term derives from Persian and Urdu, and describes the carved lattice of stone, marble, wood, or metal. Jalis function as decorative motifs and as architectural features in windows, screens, and façades.

The perforated screen allows light and air to pass while preserving privacy and security. The lattice reduces glare and helps passive climate control by shading interior spaces; patterns can filter sunlight to create complex shadows.

Design and patterns: Jalis employ geometric tessellations, arabesques, and floral motifs; patterns often reflect Islamic artistic traditions blended with Indian craft. The technique involves precise cutting or carving with repeating motifs to create a durable, transparent barrier. Jalis are used in windows, courtyards, screens, balustrades, doors and walls.

Craft and cultural significance: Jali work is a skilled craft, historically produced by specialists such as stone carvers, masons, and woodworkers. The inclusion of jali screens in architecture marks a synthesis of aesthetics, architecture, and climate adaptation in hot climates.