Isoparaffinen

Isoparaffinen, or isoparaffins, are a class of branched-chain alkanes within the paraffin family. They are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2 and are produced by isomerization of linear paraffins, often followed by refining steps to achieve desired volatility and pour point. In commercial use, the term describes a range of relatively light, branched hydrocarbons that are employed as solvents, fuel components, or lubricant base fluids. The branching in iso-paraffins typically lowers their boiling and melting points compared with straight-chain isomers of the same carbon number, and they often exhibit low aromatics and favorable solvency characteristics.

Production and properties are closely linked to refinery operations. Most isoparaffins are derived through hydroisomerization of n-paraffins, catalytic processing of cracking products, or from natural gas liquids. They are usually characterized by relatively low sulfur content and low aromatic content, which makes them suitable for use as solvents and as components in cleaner-burning fuel blends. Their branched structure also generally provides good solvency for nonpolar substances and favorable low-temperature behavior.

Applications of isoparaffins are diverse. As solvents, they are used in paints, coatings, inks, cleaners, and cosmetic formulations due to their solvency power and often mild odor. In fuels, iso-paraffins contribute to octane rating and combustion quality. In lubricants and hydraulic fluids, they can serve as base fluids offering low volatility and good oxidative stability.

Safety and environmental considerations include the flammable nature of these liquids and potential irritation on exposure. They are largely insoluble in water and should be managed to prevent air, soil, and water contamination. Environmental persistence varies by composition and conditions.