paraffins

Paraffins is a common term for the saturated hydrocarbons known as alkanes. In chemistry, paraffins include both linear (normal) and branched alkanes with the general formula CnH2n+2. They are nonpolar, contain no carbon–carbon double bonds, and are relatively chemically inert under many conditions. When burned with sufficient oxygen, they produce carbon dioxide and water with a clean flame.

Paraffins occur abundantly in crude oil and natural gas. In refining, they are separated into fractions by distillation and further processed into fuels, lubricants, waxes, and solvents. The term also covers specific products such as paraffin wax, a high‑molecular‑weight mixture used in candles and coatings, and liquid paraffin or mineral oil, used as a lubricant and laxative in some applications.

Common uses of paraffins include fuels for transportation and heating, lubricants and greases, and waxes for candles, cosmetics, coatings, and packaging. The wax fraction is especially associated with paraffin wax, while heavier paraffins are common in lubricants and related products.

Properties and safety considerations vary with chain length. Short and medium paraffins are gases or liquids at room temperature, whereas long-chain paraffins form waxy solids. They are flammable and typically handled as petroleum products; vapors can be hazardous, and skin or eye contact should be avoided. Proper storage, ventilation, and spill cleanup are standard safety measures.