Ischémia

Ischémia is a medical term used to describe a condition in which blood flow to a particular area of the body is reduced, causing damage to the tissues. This reduction in blood flow can be caused by a variety of factors, including blockages such as blood clots or plaque buildup in the arteries, or constriction of the blood vessels.

The most common cause of ischémia is arteriosclerosis, a condition in which the arteries become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque. This can lead to a reduction in blood flow to the affected area, resulting in damage to the surrounding tissues. Other causes of ischémia include embolism, where a blood clot or piece of plaque breaks loose and travels to a distant part of the body, and thrombosis, where a blood clot forms in a blood vessel.

Ischémia can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the location and severity of the condition. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all, while in others, symptoms may be severe and even life-threatening. Common symptoms of ischémia include pain, numbness, and tingling in the affected area, as well as weakness and fatigue.

Ischémia can occur in any part of the body, but it is most commonly associated with the heart (myocardial infarction or heart attack) and brain (stroke). It can also occur in the legs, arms, and digestive tract. Treatment of ischémia typically involves restoring blood flow to the affected area, which can be achieved through medication, surgery, or other interventions. In some cases, it may be possible to prevent ischémia by making lifestyle changes or taking steps to manage underlying medical conditions.