Intelligenzbeeinträchtigung

Intelligenzbeeinträchtigung, also known as intellectual disability, refers to a developmental condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. These limitations originate before the age of 18 and affect reasoning, learning, problem-solving, and practical everyday skills.

Intellectual functioning is typically assessed through standardized intelligence tests, with a score significantly below average (generally considered to be below 70) being a key indicator. Adaptive behavior encompasses the conceptual, social, and practical skills needed for everyday life. Deficits in these areas can manifest as difficulties with communication, self-care, social interaction, academic learning, and independent living.

The causes of Intelligenzbeeinträchtigung are diverse and can include genetic conditions such as Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome, problems during pregnancy like maternal infections or substance use, complications during birth leading to oxygen deprivation, or severe health problems in early childhood, such as meningitis or head injury. In some cases, the cause may remain unknown.

Management and support for individuals with Intelligenzbeeinträchtigung focus on maximizing their potential and promoting independence. This often involves early intervention programs, special education services, vocational training, and ongoing support in areas of daily living and social integration. The goal is to enable individuals to lead fulfilling lives and participate as fully as possible in their communities.