Inhaler

An inhaler is a medical device that delivers medication directly to the lungs in the form of a mist or powder. It is commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Most inhalers fall into three major types: metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and soft mist inhalers (SMIs). MDIs release a specific amount of drug via a propellant and often require a spacer to improve coordination between inhalation and actuation. DPIs deliver powder when the user inhales forcefully and generally do not require hand-breath coordination. SMIs emit a slow, gentle mist and are easier to use for some patients.

Medications delivered by inhalers include short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) such as albuterol for quick relief, inhaled corticosteroids for inflammation, long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for maintenance, and anticholinergics such as ipratropium; many inhalers combine these in single devices.

Proper technique is essential for effective delivery. For MDIs, shake, exhale, actuate while starting to inhale slowly, and hold the breath for 5-10 seconds. For DPIs, exhale away, inhale quickly and deeply, then hold the breath. Using a spacer, rinsing the mouth after corticosteroids, and regular device priming if new or unused for a while are common practices.

Maintenance and safety considerations include cleaning devices as advised, replacing a device or canister after the labeled number of doses, and storing away from heat and moisture. Side effects may include throat irritation, hoarseness, and, with corticosteroids, oral thrush; systemic effects are less common but can occur at high doses. Guidance from a clinician is advised for device choice and technique, especially for children and older adults.