Ikkekeratiniserte

Ikkekeratiniserte, or non-keratinised, refers to a type of stratified squamous epithelium that lacks a surface layer of keratinized, dead cells. In this tissue, the superficial cells retain their nuclei and cytoplasm, and the epithelium remains moist and flexible rather than dry and hard. The cells divide in the basal layer and migrate outward, flattening as they approach the surface, but without forming a keratinized stratum corneum.

Common locations for ikkekeratiniserte epithelium are moist mucosal surfaces. Examples include the lining of the mouth (such as buccal mucosa), the esophagus, the vagina, and the conjunctiva of the eye. The cornea is also non-keratinized, consisting of a cooperative arrangement of surface cells that remain moist and nucleated to preserve clarity and rapid turnover in a transparent, protective layer. These tissues are generally adapted to tolerate abrasion while maintaining hydration and sensation.

In contrast, keratiniserte epithelium forms a dry, highly protective outer layer with a stratum corneum composed of dead, keratin-filled cells. This is typical of the skin and of certain regions of the oral cavity, such as the gingiva and hard palate. The key distinction is the presence or absence of keratin in the surface cells, which influences surface moisture, flexibility, and resilience to mechanical stress.

Functionally, ikkekeratiniserte epithelia provide a protective barrier for moist mucosal surfaces while permitting secretion, sensation, and rapid regeneration. Pathological changes can lead to abnormal keratinization, resulting in thickened or hardened areas and altered surface properties.