Iguazu

Iguazú Falls, also spelled Iguazú (Spanish) or Iguaçu (Portuguese), is a system of waterfalls on the Iguazú River that forms part of the border between Argentina and Brazil. The falls lie within Iguazú National Park in Argentina and Iguaçu National Park in Brazil, both part of the Atlantic Forest and designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The falls extend for about 2.7 kilometers and consist of roughly 275 individual drops. The most famous section is Garganta del Diablo (Devil’s Throat), a U-shaped chasm about 80 meters high that creates a powerful spray visible across the surrounding rainforest. The mist from the falls contributes to a rich subtropical rainforest ecosystem that supports diverse flora and fauna.

The name Iguazú is derived from Guaraní, typically interpreted as meaning “great waters” or “many waters.” The area has long been inhabited by the Guarani people; European exploration reached the falls in the 16th century, with reports of the sight dating from 1541.

Protection and tourism are central to the site. The Brazilian and Argentine sides offer complementary viewing experiences: the Brazilian side provides panoramic vistas, while the Argentine side features a network of catwalks over the upper and lower circuits and boat excursions close to the base of the falls. The surrounding national parks aim to conserve the subtropical rainforest and its wildlife while accommodating visitors.

Nearby developments include the Itaipu Dam on the Paraná River, located downstream from the falls near the tri-border area of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, which is one of the world’s largest hydroelectric power facilities.