IDDM

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, commonly known as IDDM or Type 1 diabetes, is a chronic condition characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This destruction leads to an absolute deficiency of insulin, a hormone essential for regulating blood glucose levels. Without sufficient insulin, glucose cannot be effectively transported from the bloodstream into cells for energy, resulting in hyperglycemia.

The onset of IDDM typically occurs in childhood or adolescence, although it can develop at any age. Symptoms often appear suddenly and can include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, IDDM can lead to serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening condition.

The exact cause of IDDM is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, such as viral infections. There is no known cure for IDDM, and management focuses on lifelong insulin replacement therapy, typically administered via injections or an insulin pump. Careful monitoring of blood glucose levels, a balanced diet, and regular physical activity are also crucial components of managing the condition. Early diagnosis and consistent management are vital to prevent or delay the long-term complications associated with diabetes, which can affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart.