Hányást

Hányást, also known as vomiting or emesis, is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. This involuntary reflex is typically triggered by the stimulation of the vomiting center in the brain, which can be influenced by various factors.

The causes of hányást are diverse and can range from mild to severe. Common reasons include food poisoning, motion sickness, viral or bacterial infections (like gastroenteritis), and overeating. Pregnancy, particularly morning sickness, is another frequent cause. Hányást can also be a symptom of more serious conditions such as appendicitis, pancreatitis, or neurological disorders. Certain medications, alcohol consumption, and even emotional distress can also induce vomiting.

The act of hányást involves a coordinated effort of several bodily systems. Increased pressure in the abdomen, along with contractions of abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, forces the stomach contents upward through the esophagus and out of the body.

While hányást can be uncomfortable, it often serves as a protective mechanism to rid the body of ingested toxins or irritants. However, prolonged or severe vomiting can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, requiring medical attention. Treatment usually focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing symptoms, often involving hydration and antiemetic medications if necessary.