Hypotyreózy

Hypotyreózy, commonly known as an underactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating the body's metabolism, affecting functions such as heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels. When thyroid hormone levels are low, many of the body's processes slow down.

The symptoms of hypotyreózy can vary and often develop gradually, making them easy to overlook. Common signs include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, constipation, dry skin, and hair loss. In women, irregular menstrual periods can also occur. In more severe or long-standing cases, cognitive difficulties, such as memory problems and slowed thinking, may be present. Children with hypotyreózy may experience delayed growth and development.

The most frequent cause of hypotyreózy is an autoimmune condition called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the body's immune system attacks and damages the thyroid gland. Other causes include surgical removal of the thyroid, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and iodine deficiency, although this is less common in developed countries.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones. If TSH levels are elevated and thyroid hormone levels are low, it indicates hypotyreózy. Treatment involves hormone replacement therapy, usually with a synthetic thyroid hormone called levothyroxine. This medication restores the body's hormone levels to normal, alleviating symptoms and preventing long-term complications. Hypotyreózy is a chronic condition that generally requires lifelong treatment.