Hyperbaromedicinska

Hyperbaromedicinska, or hyperbaric medicine, is a medical specialty focused on the therapeutic use of pressure-based treatments, most notably hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). HBOT involves breathing 100% oxygen in a chamber pressurized above one atmosphere, increasing the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood and tissues.

The physiological basis centers on elevated ambient pressure, which raises tissue oxygen tension and promotes processes important for healing. These include improved oxygen delivery to hypoxic areas, stimulation of angiogenesis and collagen synthesis, enhanced leukocyte function, and reduced edema. HBOT can also augment the effectiveness of antibiotics against certain bacteria and has anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in some tissue injuries.

Common clinical indications include acute carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism, and selected soft tissue infections such as necrotizing fasciitis or myonecrosis. It is also used for osteoradionecrosis and other radiation-induced tissue injuries, and for chronic non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers or radiation-related ulcers when conventional therapy fails. The evidence supporting HBOT varies by condition; it is well established for certain acute poisonings and decompression disorders, while other uses are more conditional and guidelines differ.

Practices involve monoplace chambers (one patient) or multiplace chambers (several patients). Typical pressures range from about 2.0 to 2.8 ATA, with sessions lasting 60 to 120 minutes, repeated over days to weeks as part of an overall treatment plan.

Safety and regulation focus on minimizing risks such as barotrauma, oxygen toxicity, and claustrophobia. HBOT requires trained personnel, proper equipment, and center accreditation, with indications and protocols guided by clinical guidelines and local regulatory authorities.