hyperbaric

Hyperbaric refers to conditions or processes occurring at a pressure greater than normal atmospheric pressure. In medicine, hyperbaric medicine uses hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in pressurized chambers to deliver high concentrations of oxygen, typically at 1.5 to 3.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA).

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is employed as an adjunct treatment for a range of conditions. The best-established indications include decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism, as well as carbon monoxide poisoning. HBOT is also used for selected non-healing wounds, crush injuries, certain soft tissue infections, radiation-induced tissue damage such as osteoradionecrosis, and some cases of necrotizing infections. Practices and approvals vary by country and by medical guideline, with evidence varying in strength across indications.

The therapeutic effect of HBOT arises from several mechanisms. Increased ambient pressure raises the amount of dissolved oxygen in plasma, improving tissue oxygenation even in damaged or poorly perfused areas. This supports wound healing, reduces edema, and can enhance leukocyte function. High oxygen tensions may also promote angiogenesis and assist in resolving gas bubbles in decompression-related conditions.

Chambers used for HBOT include mono-place units, designed for a single patient, and multi-place units, which accommodate several patients and staff. Treatment sessions usually last 60 to 120 minutes and are delivered over a course tailored to the condition, ranging from a few sessions for acute events to many weeks for chronic problems. Safety considerations include risk of barotrauma to ears or lungs, oxygen toxicity (central nervous system or pulmonary), claustrophobia, and fire hazards. HBOT should be administered under trained medical supervision, with appropriate patient selection and monitoring.