Hyperalbuminemia

Hyperalbuminemia is an elevation of the serum albumin concentration, a major plasma protein synthesized by the liver that helps maintain oncotic pressure and transport various substances. Normal reference ranges for serum albumin are typically about 3.5 to 5.0 g/dL (35–50 g/L), though exact cutoffs vary by laboratory method.

Hyperalbuminemia is uncommon and usually not a disease in itself. It most often results from hemoconcentration due to reduced plasma volume, commonly caused by dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, fever, or fluid loss from burns. Sampling issues can also artificially raise measured albumin levels, such as dehydration at the time of blood draw or improper sample handling. True biological overproduction of albumin is rare; extensive protein intake or other metabolic factors do not typically cause sustained high albumin levels.

Diagnosis relies on measuring serum albumin and assessing hydration status, total protein, and the clinical context. If hyperalbuminemia is suspected, clinicians may repeat the test after ensuring proper hydration and sample handling, or evaluate for laboratory error. It is important to distinguish true hyperalbuminemia from artifacts and to consider the overall clinical picture.

Management centers on addressing the underlying cause. In most cases, correcting dehydration and rechecking albumin levels will normalize the value. Persistent or unexplained elevations should prompt repeat testing and, if needed, further evaluation of laboratory methods and patient status. Hyperalbuminemia generally has limited direct clinical significance beyond indicating a change in volume status.