Hornhinnebrännskador

Hornhinnebrännskador, also known as corneal burns, are injuries to the cornea, the transparent outer layer of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. These burns can be caused by various agents, including thermal, chemical, and radiation exposure.

Thermal burns can result from direct contact with hot objects or substances, such as steam, hot liquids, or flames. The severity of the burn depends on the temperature and duration of exposure. Radiation burns can occur from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, such as that from welding arcs or sunlamps, or from other forms of radiation. Chemical burns are often caused by contact with acidic or alkaline substances. Acids, like battery acid, can cause rapid, superficial damage, while alkalis, such as lye or ammonia, can penetrate deeper into the cornea, leading to more severe and potentially permanent damage.

Symptoms of a hornhinnebrännskada can include pain, redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light (photophobia), a foreign body sensation, and excessive tearing. In severe cases, the cornea may appear cloudy or opaque, and vision loss can be significant.

Immediate first aid is crucial for chemical burns. This typically involves flushing the eye thoroughly with copious amounts of clean water or saline solution for at least 15-20 minutes to dilute and remove the offending chemical. For thermal or radiation burns, prompt medical attention is necessary.

Treatment for corneal burns depends on the cause and severity. It may involve lubricating eye drops, antibiotic ointments or drops to prevent infection, pain medication, and specialized contact lenses to promote healing and reduce discomfort. Severe burns may require surgical intervention, such as a corneal transplant, to restore vision. Long-term complications can include scarring of the cornea, which can lead to chronic dry eye, light sensitivity, and reduced visual acuity.