Hoonegrupid

Hoonegrupid is a planning concept used to describe clusters of buildings that function as a unit, sharing infrastructure and spaces. The term combines Estonian roots hoone meaning building and grupid meaning groups. It appears in contemporary urban design discourse in the Baltic and Nordic regions, where planners explore grouping dwellings around common amenities.

A hoonegrupp typically comprises several residential buildings arranged around shared courtyards, gardens, or facilities such as laundry rooms, community rooms, or workshop spaces. The units may be rental or owner-occupied and can include mixed-use elements. The intent is to create a dense, walkable neighborhood while maintaining social ties and opportunities for collaboration among residents.

Design principles emphasize the integration of shared spaces with private living areas, access to transit, pedestrian permeability, energy and resource sharing, and inclusive governance. Buildings are often designed with modular flexibility to adapt to changing household sizes. Environmental aspects highlight energy efficiency, green courtyards, and rainwater management.

Implementation of the concept has been explored in pilot projects and planning guidelines, with attention to governance structures, maintenance responsibilities, and ensuring equitable access to shared resources. Critics raise concerns about the complexity of management, potential for social fragmentation if governance fails, and cost implications.

Related concepts include co-housing, cluster housing, and cooperative housing. Hoonegrupid thus represents a framework for organizing multiple dwellings around common spaces to foster community while optimizing land use and shared infrastructure.