Herzrhythmusstörungen

Herzrhythmusstörungen, also known as arrhythmias, are conditions where the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly. This can happen when the electrical signals that coordinate the heart's contractions malfunction. The heart has an electrical system that controls the timing and rhythm of its beats. Problems with this system can lead to various types of arrhythmias.

Symptoms can vary widely. Some people experience no noticeable symptoms, while others might feel palpitations, a racing heart, a fluttering sensation, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or even fainting. The severity of symptoms often depends on the type and frequency of the arrhythmia, as well as the individual's overall health.

Causes of heart rhythm disorders are diverse. They can include underlying heart disease, such as coronary artery disease or heart failure, as well as high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, thyroid problems, and certain medications. Lifestyle factors like excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, stress, and smoking can also contribute. In some cases, the cause may not be readily identifiable.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, followed by tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to record the heart's electrical activity. Holter monitors or event recorders, which track heart rhythm over extended periods, may also be used. In some instances, more specialized tests like an electrophysiology study might be necessary. Treatment approaches depend on the specific type of arrhythmia and its severity. Options can range from lifestyle changes and medications to procedures like cardioversion, catheter ablation, or the implantation of a pacemaker or defibrillator.