HepatitisErkrankungen

HepatitisErkrankungen, often simply referred to as hepatitis, are inflammatory conditions affecting the liver. The most common causes are viral infections, but other factors can also lead to liver inflammation. Viral hepatitis is categorized into different types, primarily Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, each caused by a distinct virus. These viruses can be transmitted through different routes, such as contaminated food and water (Hepatitis A and E) or contact with infected blood and bodily fluids (Hepatitis B, C, and D).

Hepatitis A is typically an acute infection, often spread through fecal-oral transmission, and usually resolves on its own without long-term consequences. Hepatitis B is a more serious infection that can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. It is commonly transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child during birth. Hepatitis C is also a chronic infection that can cause severe liver damage over time, with transmission primarily occurring through blood-to-blood contact, such as sharing contaminated needles or unsanitary medical procedures. Hepatitis D is a unique virus that can only infect individuals already infected with Hepatitis B. Hepatitis E is similar to Hepatitis A in its transmission and usually causes an acute illness, though it can be severe in pregnant women.

Symptoms of hepatitis can vary but often include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). In some cases, particularly with chronic hepatitis, symptoms may be absent for years until significant liver damage has occurred. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect the presence of viral antigens or antibodies. Treatment depends on the type of hepatitis and its severity, ranging from supportive care for acute infections to antiviral medications and, in advanced cases, liver transplantation for chronic or severe liver damage. Vaccination is available for Hepatitis A and B, offering effective prevention.