Haussmannianstyle

Haussmannian style refers to a distinctive architectural and urban planning aesthetic that emerged in Paris during the Second French Empire under Napoleon III. The style is named after Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, the prefect of the Seine department who oversaw a massive renovation of Paris between 1853 and 1870. The primary goal was to modernize the city, improve public health, and create a more imposing and unified urban landscape.

Buildings in the Haussmannian style are characterized by their uniform height, typically six or seven stories, and their facades constructed of cut stone, often limestone. The ground floor and mezzanine, or first floor, are usually reserved for shops and are distinguished by larger windows and often arcades. The second floor, known as the "noble floor," is typically the most elaborate, featuring balconies and more decorative window surrounds, as it was historically where the wealthiest residents lived. The upper floors become progressively simpler, with smaller windows.

A defining feature is the mansard roof, a double-pitched roof with a lower slope that is almost vertical and an upper slope that is much flatter. Dormer windows are usually incorporated into the lower slope of the mansard roof. Balconies are a common element, often running along the length of the facade on the second and sometimes fifth floors, and are typically made of wrought iron. The street facades are generally symmetrical, with a strong vertical emphasis.

The urban planning aspect of Haussmannian style involved the creation of wide, tree-lined boulevards, public squares, and parks. This facilitated traffic flow, improved sanitation, and allowed for better military control of the city. While the aesthetic is iconic and has influenced urban development worldwide, the Haussmannization of Paris also involved widespread demolition of older neighborhoods and displacement of residents.