Harnsäuresteine

Harnsäuresteine, also known as uric acid stones, are a type of kidney stone formed from uric acid. Uric acid is a waste product produced by the body when purines, which are found in certain foods and are also produced naturally by the body, are broken down. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood and is excreted by the kidneys into the urine. However, if the urine becomes too concentrated with uric acid, or if the urine is too acidic, uric acid crystals can form and clump together to create stones.

Several factors can increase the risk of developing harnsäuresteine. These include a diet high in purines, such as red meat, organ meats, and certain seafood. Dehydration is another significant factor, as it leads to more concentrated urine. Other contributing conditions include gout, a metabolic disorder that causes high levels of uric acid in the blood, and certain medical treatments like chemotherapy, which can increase uric acid production. Certain genetic predispositions can also play a role.

The symptoms of harnsäuresteine can vary depending on their size and location. Small stones may pass without causing any noticeable symptoms. Larger stones, however, can cause severe pain in the back and side, just below the ribs, which may radiate to the lower abdomen and groin. Other symptoms can include pain during urination, a frequent urge to urinate, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and blood in the urine. Nausea and vomiting can also occur, especially if the pain is severe.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or X-ray to detect the presence and size of the stones. Urine and blood tests can help identify high uric acid levels and assess kidney function. Treatment depends on the size and location of the stones, as well as the severity of symptoms. Smaller stones may be managed with increased fluid intake to help them pass. Pain management with medication is often necessary. For larger or obstructing stones, medical procedures like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or surgical removal may be required. Prevention strategies focus on increasing fluid intake, dietary modifications to reduce purine consumption, and sometimes medication to lower uric acid levels in the blood or urine.