Hammasmätä

Hammasmätä, a Finnish term, translates directly to "tooth rot" and refers to the widespread dental condition known as tooth decay or caries. This is a common bacterial infection that affects the hard tissues of the teeth, namely the enamel and dentin. The process begins when bacteria in the mouth metabolize sugars from food and drink, producing acids as a byproduct. These acids then gradually erode the tooth enamel, creating small holes or cavities. If left untreated, the decay can progress deeper into the tooth, affecting the dentin and potentially reaching the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels.

Symptoms of hammasmätä can vary depending on the severity. Early stages may be asymptomatic or present as a white spot on the tooth surface. As decay progresses, individuals might experience tooth sensitivity, particularly to sweet, hot, or cold stimuli. Pain, ranging from mild to severe, can occur when the decay reaches the dentin or pulp. Visible signs can include brown or black spots on the teeth, and in advanced cases, a hole or cavity may be apparent.

Prevention of hammasmätä primarily involves good oral hygiene practices. Regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily to remove plaque and food particles between teeth, and limiting the consumption of sugary foods and drinks are crucial. Dental check-ups are also important for early detection and professional cleaning. Treatment for hammasmätä depends on the extent of the decay. Minor cavities can often be treated with fillings, where the decayed portion of the tooth is removed and replaced with a filling material. More extensive decay may require crowns, root canals, or even tooth extraction in severe cases.