Halictid

Halictid refers to bees in the family Halictidae, commonly known as sweat bees. Halictidae is one of the largest bee families, with thousands of described species distributed worldwide, including many in temperate and tropical regions. Members range from small to medium in size and display a wide array of coloration, from solid black or brown to metallic green, blue, or copper hues.

Most halictids are ground-nesters, excavating cells in bare or lightly littered soil. A minority nest in hollow stems or wood. The family exhibits a notable diversity of social behavior: many species are solitary, while others are primitively eusocial, with colonies that may include a queen and workers, or small, seasonally productive social structures. This social variability makes halictids a model group for studying the evolution of cooperation in bees.

Ecology and foraging: Halictid bees are generally generalist pollinators, visiting a wide range of flowering plants. Some species show floral fidelity within a foraging bout, while others are more opportunistic. They contribute to the pollination of wild flora and crops, making them important for ecosystem function and agricultural production in many regions.

Taxonomy and subfamilies: The family comprises several subfamilies, commonly including Halictinae and Nomioidinae in various classifications, with numerous genera and species within each. Ongoing taxonomic work continues to refine relationships among lineages.

Conservation and importance: Halictid bees face threats from habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and climate change. Protecting diverse habitats and reducing pesticide use support the persistence of these important pollinators.