HSVinfektsioonid

HSVinfektsioonid, short for Herpes Simplex Virus infections, are common viral infections caused by the herpes simplex virus. There are two main types: HSV-1, which is typically associated with oral herpes (cold sores), and HSV-2, which is most often linked to genital herpes. However, either type can cause infections in either location.

Transmission of HSV occurs through direct contact with sores or infected bodily fluids, such as saliva or genital secretions, even when no sores are visible. Once infected, the virus remains dormant in nerve cells and can reactivate periodically, causing recurrent outbreaks. Symptoms can vary widely. Oral herpes often presents as painful blisters or sores on or around the lips. Genital herpes can cause sores in the genital or anal area, accompanied by itching, burning, and flu-like symptoms during the initial outbreak.

Many individuals infected with HSV have no symptoms or very mild ones, making them unaware of their infection. However, even asymptomatic shedding can lead to transmission. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical presentation or by laboratory tests, including viral culture, PCR, or antibody testing.

There is no cure for HSV infections, but antiviral medications can help manage symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission. Antivirals are most effective when started at the first sign of an impending outbreak. Prevention strategies include avoiding close contact with individuals who have active sores and using barrier methods like condoms, although condoms do not offer complete protection as the virus can be present on skin not covered by the condom. In rare cases, HSV can cause more serious complications, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.