Grus

Grus is a genus of large wading birds in the crane family Gruidae. Members of Grus are characterized by long legs and necks, long wings, and generally gray plumage, with some species displaying white, black, or red bare skin on the face. They are known for their elaborate courtship displays and loud trumpeting calls.

Taxonomy and systematics. Traditionally Grus contained many crane species across Eurasia and the Americas. Genetic studies prompted revisions that moved several species to other genera, such as Antigone, Leucogeranus, and Anthropoides. As a result, the genus Grus is currently smaller, with its members largely distributed in Asia and Africa.

Habitat and distribution. Grus species inhabit wetlands, marshes, river valleys, and adjoining grasslands. They breed in shallow aquatic habitats and reed beds, often near water. Many populations migrate long distances between breeding and wintering grounds, while others are resident year-round.

Behavior and ecology. Grus birds are social outside the breeding season and commonly occur in pairs or small flocks. They have a varied diet that includes seeds, aquatic plants, tubers, and small animals. Breeding involves elaborate courtship dances, bowing, and calls. Nests are built on the ground near water, and clutch sizes are typically one to two eggs, with both parents incubating and rearing the young.

Conservation. Wetland loss and disturbance threaten several Grus species, with some populations declining and others stable or increasing. Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, reducing disturbance near breeding sites, and, in some cases, captive breeding and reintroduction programs. The genus name Grus derives from Latin for crane.