Grundannahmen

Grundannahmen, or foundational assumptions, are the underlying statements about how the world works that form the basis for theories, models, and decisions. They describe conditions treated as given for purposes of analysis and may be explicit or tacit. By defining the scope and limits of inquiry, Grundannahmen guide what counts as relevant data, what constitutes causal mechanisms, and what outcomes are considered possible.

In scientific research and modeling, Grundannahmen determine the variables included, the relationships assumed between them, and the methods used. Examples include assuming a closed system, constant parameters, or ceteris paribus. They are often tested indirectly by sensitivity analyses or scenario planning; changing Grundannahmen can lead to different conclusions.

In philosophy and the social sciences, Grundannahmen reflect theoretical positions about knowledge, reality, and causation. They shape interpretations of evidence, the choice of methodology, and the criteria for validity. Some debates revolve around competing Grundannahmen rather than empirical data alone.

In practice, such as policy analysis or project planning, Grundannahmen make assumptions about the environment, resources, stakeholder behavior, and external shocks. Documenting them promotes transparency, facilitates critique, and helps assess robustness.

Risk of hidden bias arises when Grundannahmen remain implicit. Analysts should strive to make assumptions explicit, justify them, and examine alternative sets to test robustness and generalizability.