Gravuurinen

Gravuurinen refers to a method of creating intaglio prints where the image is incised into a metal plate, typically copper or zinc, using a sharp tool called a burin. Unlike etching, where acid is used to create the lines, engraving relies on the direct physical removal of metal. The burin, a steel tool with a sharp, angular point, is pushed across the plate, leaving behind a clean, V-shaped groove. The depth and width of these grooves determine the darkness of the printed image, as ink is held within these recessed areas.

The process of engraving requires significant skill and precision. The artist must control the angle, pressure, and direction of the burin to achieve the desired tonal and textural effects. Fine lines are created with thin, shallow cuts, while darker areas are rendered with denser, deeper grooves. Highlights are achieved by leaving areas of the plate unincised, allowing them to hold less ink.

Once the plate is engraved, it is inked by rubbing ink into the incised lines. Excess ink is then wiped from the surface of the plate, leaving only the ink within the grooves. Damp paper is placed over the inked plate, and the assembly is passed through a printing press. The immense pressure of the press forces the paper into the grooves, picking up the ink and creating a raised, tactile quality in the printed image. Gravuurinen was a prominent printmaking technique from the 15th century, widely used for illustrations, portraits, and decorative prints before the advent of more mechanized reproduction methods.