Goth

Goth can refer to two main meanings. Historically, it denotes the Goths, an East Germanic people who played a prominent role in late antiquity and the early medieval period. In modern culture, Goth refers to a subculture that emerged in the United Kingdom in the early 1980s and subsequently spread worldwide.

The Gothic peoples originated north of the Black Sea in the 3rd century, later dividing into Visigoths and Ostrogoths. They established kingdoms in Europe and interacted with the Roman Empire. The Gothic language is known from Ulfilas’ 4th‑century Bible translation. After the empire’s decline, Gothic groups continued to influence European cultures.

The Goth subculture arose from the post-punk scene and was shaped by bands such as Bauhaus, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and The Cure. It features fashion that favors black clothing, pale makeup, and Victorian or medieval-inspired garments, and music genres including gothic rock, darkwave, and deathrock. The subculture emphasizes mood, introspection, and romantic or melancholic themes, while maintaining diverse personal styles. Goth communities have organized clubs, magazines, and events and are a global network.

Today, Goth is a broad umbrella term for a diverse set of aesthetics, music, and communities. It is distinct from, but sometimes confused with, related movements and subcultures, and it continues to influence fashion, art, and media. The culture emphasizes individuality and self-expression, while also facing recurring stereotypes and misunderstandings.