Gnistsystem

Gnistsystem, from the Norwegian word gnist meaning spark, is the term used to describe the ignition system of an internal combustion engine. Its primary function is to deliver a timed electric spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture within each cylinder at the correct point in the compression stroke, enabling controlled combustion and engine operation.

Typical elements of a gnistsystem include an ignition coil, spark plugs, and wiring. In traditional setups, a mechanical distributor, rotor, and points route high-voltage impulses in sequence to the spark plugs. Modern arrangements often replace points with electronic control units that time the spark electronically, using sensors that monitor crankshaft and camshaft position.

Common configurations range from distributor-based ignition to coil-on-plug and wasted-spark systems. Coil-on-plug places a dedicated ignition coil at each cylinder, while wasted-spark uses a single coil for two cylinders, firing two plugs simultaneously. Direct ignition systems rely on the engine management ECU to control timing and duration without a distributor.

Applications include most gasoline-fueled automobiles, motorcycles, and small engines. The gnistsystem affects starting reliability, fuel efficiency, power output, and emissions. Advances in ignition technology have focused on improving timing accuracy, reducing electronic noise, and enabling advanced features such as variable ignition timing and knock sensing.