Glomeruloesclerosis

Glomeruloesclerosis is a kidney condition characterized by the scarring or hardening of the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units within the kidneys. These structures are responsible for removing waste products and excess fluids from the blood. When glomeruli become sclerotic, their ability to filter blood efficiently diminishes, leading to impaired kidney function.

There are two main types of glomeruloesclerosis: focal segmental glomeruloesclerosis (FSGS) and global glomeruloesclerosis. FSGS involves scarring in some parts of some glomeruli, often progressing gradually and leading to proteinuria—a condition marked by excess protein in the urine. Global glomeruloesclerosis refers to widespread scarring of entire glomeruli, often as a result of chronic kidney disease.

Causes of glomeruloesclerosis include secondary factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and certain infections or autoimmune diseases. In some cases, the condition can occur idiopathically, with no clear underlying cause. The disease often presents with symptoms such as swelling (edema), high blood pressure, and proteinuria.

Diagnosis typically involves urine tests for protein levels, blood tests to assess kidney function, and kidney biopsy to evaluate the extent and distribution of glomerular scarring. Treatment focuses on managing underlying conditions, reducing proteinuria, and slowing disease progression. Common approaches include the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, blood pressure control, and lifestyle modifications.

Prognosis varies depending on the severity and progression of the disease, with advanced glomeruloesclerosis potentially leading to end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. Early detection and management are key to improving outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.