Gloating

Gloating is the expression of self-satisfaction or triumph, typically characterized by relish in one's own success or in another's misfortune. It can be conveyed through spoken words, facial expressions, or actions that signal superiority or schadenfreude. The term is often used pejoratively to describe behavior that is perceived as cruel or mean-spirited rather than merely happy.

The word gloat dates from early modern English, with origins that are debated or uncertain. It has long been used to describe reveling in success or taunting others, and its sense has broadened to include looking at a situation with excessive self-satisfaction.

Psychologically, gloating is linked to social signaling, self-affirmation, and sometimes narcissistic tendencies. It can undermine social bonds, provoke resentment, and reduce goodwill. Distinguishing between legitimate pride and gloating depends on context, tone, and the effect on others. A nuanced form of self-congratulation may be acceptable, whereas overt mocking of others' misfortune is commonly regarded as inappropriate.

Cultural and practical contexts influence how gloating is perceived. In sports and competitive settings, some display of emotion is expected, but overt gloating is often criticized as unsportsmanlike. In the online sphere, gloating can spread as memes or taunts, amplifying its social impact. Related concepts include boastfulness, taunting, and schadenfreude.