Glaukómához

Glaukómához is a Hungarian term referring to glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure inside the eye. The optic nerve is vital for good vision, transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to vision loss and blindness.

There are several types of glaucoma, with the most common being open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly and painlessly, where the drainage angle of the eye becomes clogged over time, increasing intraocular pressure. Angle-closure glaucoma is less common and can occur suddenly or gradually. In this type, the iris bulges forward, blocking the drainage angle and causing a rapid rise in eye pressure. Other forms include normal-tension glaucoma, where optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure, and congenital glaucoma, present at birth.

Risk factors for glaucoma include age, family history of glaucoma, certain medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, and ethnicity. Symptoms can vary depending on the type, but may include blurred vision, severe eye pain, nausea, vomiting, seeing halos around lights, and redness of the eye. In many cases, especially open-angle glaucoma, there are no early symptoms, making regular eye examinations crucial for early detection.

Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye exam, including measuring intraocular pressure (tonometry), examining the optic nerve, and testing peripheral vision (visual field testing). Treatment aims to lower eye pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage. This can involve prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgery. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment are key to preserving vision.