Gerincszárnyasérülés

Gerincszárnyasérülés is a Hungarian term that translates to spinal wing injury or scapular winging. It refers to a condition where the scapula (shoulder blade) protrudes from the back of the chest wall. This abnormal position is typically caused by weakness or paralysis of the muscles that stabilize the scapula.

The primary muscles involved in preventing scapular winging are the serratus anterior, trapezius, and rhomboid muscles. Injury to the nerves that control these muscles, such as the long thoracic nerve or the spinal accessory nerve, can lead to winging. Trauma, repetitive overhead activities, certain surgical procedures (like thoracic surgery or shoulder surgery), and neurological conditions can all be underlying causes.

Symptoms of gerincszárnyasérülés include visible prominence of the scapula, particularly when the arm is pushed forward against resistance or raised overhead. Patients may also experience shoulder pain, weakness, difficulty with overhead activities, and a sensation of instability in the shoulder. The degree of winging can vary from mild to severe.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination to assess scapular position and muscle strength. Imaging studies like X-rays or MRI may be used to rule out other shoulder or spinal issues. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies can help identify nerve damage.

Treatment aims to strengthen the weakened muscles and improve scapular control. This typically involves physical therapy with specific exercises targeting the affected muscles. In some cases, pain management may be necessary. If conservative treatments are not effective and the condition significantly impacts function, surgical options might be considered to address nerve compression or to stabilize the scapula.