Geluidsbelasting

Geluidbelasting, also known as noise pollution, refers to the presence of unwanted or excessive sound that can disturb human well-being, wildlife, and infrastructure. It is measured in decibels (dB) and is often expressed as the sound pressure level (SPL). In many countries, the term is used in both civil engineering contexts, where it relates to the acoustic design of buildings and transportation infrastructure, and in environmental science, where it refers to ambient noise that can affect ecosystems.

Typical sources of geluidbelasting include transportation systems such as road traffic, railways, air transport, and maritime vessels; industrial activities like manufacturing plants and construction sites; and residential sources such as domestic heating and appliances. Urban environments tend to have higher baseline levels due to the cumulative effect of these sources.

Continuous or repeated exposure to high levels of noise can lead to a range of adverse health effects. These include hearing loss, increased cardiovascular risk, sleep disturbance, and reduced cognitive performance. Sensitive populations, such as children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with pre‑existing health conditions, are particularly vulnerable.

Regulations to control geluidbelasting are implemented through national and regional legislation. In Europe, directives such as the Environmental Noise Directive set maximum permissible noise levels for residential and outdoor environments. Building codes often specify required sound insulation performance, measured by the sound reduction index (R) or the building transmission class (BTC). Monitoring programs use noise mapping and field measurements to assess compliance and identify hotspots.

Mitigation strategies encompass engineering controls, like road noise barriers and low‑noise pavement, respectively. Land use planning may separate noisy facilities from residential areas. Behavioral measures, such as reducing speed limits or scheduling construction activities during daylight hours, also contribute to decreasing overall noise exposure.