Gefäßwachstumsfaktor

Gefäßwachstumsfaktor refers to a group of proteins that play a crucial role in angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels form from pre-existing ones. These factors are essential for various physiological processes, including embryonic development, wound healing, and the menstrual cycle. They work by binding to specific receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, the cells that form the lining of blood vessels. This binding triggers a cascade of molecular events that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, ultimately resulting in the formation of new blood vessels.

Several types of Gefäßwachstumsfaktor exist, with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) being the most well-studied and prominent. VEGF family members include VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and placental growth factor (PlGF). Each has distinct roles and receptor interactions. For instance, VEGF-A is a major regulator of blood vessel formation in the embryo and plays a significant role in the development of new vessels in adult tissues. VEGF-C and VEGF-D are particularly involved in lymphangiogenesis, the formation of lymphatic vessels.

Dysregulation of Gefäßwachstumsfaktor activity is implicated in a number of diseases. In cancer, tumors often secrete high levels of Gefäßwachstumsfaktor to promote the growth of new blood vessels that supply them with nutrients and oxygen, facilitating their expansion and metastasis. Conversely, insufficient Gefäßwachstumsfaktor activity can impair wound healing and contribute to ischemic conditions, where tissues are deprived of oxygen due to poor blood supply. Therapeutic strategies targeting Gefäßwachstumsfaktor, such as anti-VEGF drugs, are used to treat various cancers and certain eye diseases.