Gallsten
Gallsten, or gallstone, refers to a hard particle that forms in the gallbladder or biliary tract from components of bile. Most gallstones are cholesterol stones, though pigment stones made of calcium bilirubinate also occur. Many individuals with gallstones have no symptoms, and stones are often found incidentally during imaging for another condition.
Gallstones develop when the balance of bile components is disrupted. Factors that increase cholesterol saturation, promote
Symptoms arise primarily when stones obstruct bile flow. This can cause biliary colic—sudden, severe pain in
Diagnosis typically begins with abdominal ultrasound, which detects gallstones and signs of inflammation. Blood tests may
Treatment depends on symptoms and risk. Asymptomatic stones are often managed with no surgery. Symptomatic gallstones