GSTP

GSTP commonly refers to glutathione S-transferase Pi, a member of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme family. In humans, the enzyme is encoded by the GSTP1 gene and is expressed in many tissues, with notable activity in the liver, lungs, and kidneys. GSTP enzymes participate in phase II detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide range of electrophilic compounds, including products of metabolism, environmental carcinogens, and some drugs. This helps neutralize reactive species and facilitates their excretion. In addition to detoxification, GSTP1 has non-catalytic roles in cellular signaling, including interactions with stress-activated kinases that can influence apoptosis and cell survival.

Genetic variation in GSTP1, notably the Ile105Val (A313G) polymorphism, alters enzyme activity and substrate specificity. Allele frequencies vary among populations, and studies have explored associations with cancer risk, susceptibility to chemical exposures, and responses to chemotherapy. Findings are mixed, and GSTP1 polymorphisms are considered one of several factors that may modulate risk rather than definitive predictors.

Clinically, GSTP1 is studied as a biomarker and pharmacogenomic factor in oncology and toxicology. Its expression levels and genetic variants can influence treatment outcomes by affecting drug detoxification and resistance mechanisms in tumor cells. Research continues into GSTP inhibitors and other strategies to modulate its activity in cancer therapy, as well as broader implications for oxidative stress-related diseases.