GPSchartplotters

GPS chartplotters are electronic navigation devices that combine a Global Positioning System receiver with an electronic chart display to help mariners determine position, plan routes, and navigate. They typically present the vessel's position on a chart in real time, along with course over ground, speed over ground, and estimated time of arrival. Users can place waypoints, create routes, and set alarms for boundary crossings or shallow depths.

Most units are standalone units with an integrated display, or form part of a larger multifunction display (MFD) ecosystem. They read digital navigational charts, such as vector ENC charts or raster charts, and may include overlay layers like radar, AIS, weather, or sonar data. Chart data is supplied by hydrographic offices and must be kept up to date to reflect shoals, obstructions, and changes in buoyage.

Connectivity includes NMEA 0183 and NMEA 2000 for data exchange with other devices, as well as USB or Ethernet. Common features include route planning, waypoint management, track history, tide and current data, and instrument fusion.

Limitations include dependence on GPS for positioning, potential signal loss in adverse conditions, and the need for regular chart updates and backups to other navigation methods such as visual piloting or traditional paper charts.

Historically, chartplotters evolved from simple course plotters to integrated MFD systems that combine radar, sonar, AIS, and other sensors, forming the core of modern electronic navigation at sea. They are used in recreational boats, commercial vessels, and offshore platforms.