GPIOpinnien
GPIOpinnien (short for general-purpose input/output pins) are digital signal lines on microcontrollers and single-board computers that can be configured by software to act as inputs or outputs. They provide a versatile interface for connecting sensors, actuators, and other devices without dedicated hardware peripherals. The term is widely used in Finnish technical literature; in English texts these are commonly called GPIO pins.
Electrical characteristics: Most GPIOs operate at a fixed logic voltage, commonly 3.3 V; some boards tolerate
Functionality: In addition to simple input/output, many GPIOs support alternate functions such as PWM, or multiplexed
Usage considerations: Use protective components (resistors, level shifters, opto-isolators) when interfacing with higher voltage circuits; debouncing
Common platforms: Raspberry Pi, Arduino families, ESP microcontrollers, and many SoCs expose GPIOpinnien on external headers.