GECKO

Geckos are a diverse group of small to medium-sized lizards found in warm regions worldwide. With hundreds of described species across several families, they inhabit a range of environments including deserts, forests, grasslands, caves, and urban areas. They are often active at night, though some species are diurnal or crepuscular.

A defining feature of many geckos is their ability to climb vertical surfaces and even walk along ceilings, thanks to specialized toe pads composed of microscopic hair-like structures called setae. These pads allow adhesion on smooth surfaces without using sticky secretions. Most geckos lack movable eyelids and protect their eyes with a transparent spectacle, cleaning them by licking; however, some groups, such as the family Eublepharidae, have movable eyelids. Many species can shed their tails to escape predators, a process known as caudal autotomy, with tails that often regrow imperfectly.

Geckos exhibit a variety of behaviors, including vocalizations—chirps, clicks, and barks are common in several species—uncommon among other lizards. They are generally insectivorous, though some will eat fruit, nectar, or small prey beyond insects. Reproduction is usually oviparous, with eggs laid in sheltered locations; clutch sizes commonly comprise two eggs, though this varies by species. A few gecko species give birth to live young.

Humans interact with geckos as both pests controllers and pets. They play ecological roles in controlling insect populations and are kept in captivity in many cultures. Some species face threats from habitat loss, climate change, and collection, while others remain widespread and common.